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Science Syllabus for Class VIII

1. Food: Crop production

• Crop production: Soil preparation, selection of seeds, sowing, applying fertilizers, irrigation, weeding, harvesting and storage;
• nitrogen fixation, nitrogen cycle.
• Micro organisms – useful and harmful.

2. Materials: Materials in daily life

• Synthetic clothing materials.
• Other synthetic materials,
• usefulness of plastics and problems associated with their excessive use.
• There are a variety of fibrous materials in use.
• A material is chosen based on desired property.
• Metals and non-metals.
• Combustion, flame All fuels release heat on burning.
• Fuels differ in efficiency, cost etc.
• Natural resources are limited.
• Burning of fuels leads to harmful by products.

3. The World of the Living: Why conserve

• Conservation of biodiversity/wild life/plants; zoos, sanctuaries,
• forest reserves etc. flora, fauna endangered species, red data book;
• endemic species, migration.
• Cell structure, plant and animal cells,
• use of stain to observe, cell organelles – nucleus, vacuole, chloroplast, cell membrane, cell wall.
• Sexual reproduction and endocrine system in animals,
• secondary sexual characters, reproductive health;
• internal and external fertilisation.

4. Moving things, People and Ideas: Idea of force

• Idea of force-push or pull;
• change in speed, direction of moving objects and shape of objects by applying force;
• contact and non-contact forces.
• Friction – factors affecting friction, sliding and rolling friction, moving;
• advantages and disadvantages of friction for the movement of automobiles, airplanes and boats/ships;
• increasing and reducing friction.
• Idea of pressure; pressure exerted by air/liquid;
• atmospheric pressure.
• Various types of sound;
• sources of sound;
• vibration as a cause of sound; frequency;
• medium for propagation of sound;
• idea of noise as unpleasant and unwanted sound and need to minimise noise.

5. How Things Work: Electric current and circuits

• Water conducts electricity
• depending on presence/absence of salt in it.
• Other liquids may or may not conduct electricity.
• Chemical effects of current.
• Basic idea of electroplating.

6. Natural Phenomena: Rain, thunder and lightning

• Clouds carry electric charge.
• Positive and negative charges, attraction and repulsion.
• Principle of lightning conductor.
• Laws of reflection.
• Characteristics of image formed with a plane mirror.
• Regular and diffused reflection.
• Reflection of light from an object to the eye.
• Multiple reflection.
• Dispersion of light.
• Structure of the eye.
• Lens becomes opaque, light not reaching the eye.
• Visually challenged use other senses to make sense of the world around.
• Alternative technology available.
• Role of nutrition in relation to blindness
• Idea about heavenly bodies/celestial objects and their classification – moon, planets, stars, constellations.
• Motion of celestial objects in space;
• the solar system.
• Phenomena related to earthquakes.

7. Natural Resources: Man’s intervention in phenomena of nature

• Consequences of deforestation: scarcity of products for humans and other living beings,
• change in physical properties of soil, reduced rainfall.
• Reforestation;
• recycling of paper.
• Formation of coal and petroleum in nature(fossil fuels?)
• Consequences of over extraction of coal and petroleum.
• Water and air are increasingly getting polluted and therefore become scarce for use.
• Biological and chemical contamination of water;
• effect of impure water on soil and living beings;
• effect of soil containing excess of fertilisers and insecticides on water resources. Potable water